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was for nearly three decades at Lancing College; where he taught Latin and Greek language and literature, was Head of Theology, and Assistant Chaplain. He has served three curacies, been a Parish Priest, and Senior Research Fellow at Pusey House in Oxford. Since 2011, he has been in full communion with the See of S Peter. The opinions expressed on this Blog are not asserted as being those of the Magisterium of the Church, but as the writer's opinions as a private individual. Nevertheless, the writer strives, hopes, and prays that the views he expresses are conformable with and supportive of the Magisterium. In this blog, the letters PF stand for Pope Francis. On this blog, 'Argumentum ad hominem' refers solely to the Lockean definition, Pressing a man with the consequences of his own concessions'.
... once graced the high altar of the church of Sancta Maria in Ara Coeli on the Capitoline Hill.
Fr John Hunwicke
was for nearly three decades at Lancing College; where he taught Latin and Greek language and literature, was Head of Theology, and Assistant Chaplain. He has served three curacies, been a Parish Priest, and Senior Research Fellow at Pusey House in Oxford. Since 2011, he has been in full communion with the See of S Peter. The opinions expressed on this Blog are not asserted as being those of the Magisterium of the Church, but as the writer's opinions as a private individual. Nevertheless, the writer strives, hopes, and prays that the views he expresses are conformable with and supportive of the Magisterium. In this blog, the letters PF stand for Pope Francis. On this blog, 'Argumentum ad hominem' refers solely to the Lockean definition, Pressing a man with the consequences of his own concessions'.
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... once graced the high altar of the church of Sancta Maria in Ara Coeli on the Capitoline Hill.
8 comments:
For the people. At least in Ancient Greece. λειτουργία, ἡ
Any pointers toward he discussion, Father?
I found this
http://taylormarshall.com/2017/09/liturgy-not-mean-work-people-liturgical-pelagianism.html
but no more.
Don't some of Lysias' forensic speeches deal with this?? It's a long time since I was an undergraduate, but one of them deals with this - it's definitely a public service rendered by a wealthy citizen for the benefit of the city-state.
Rev. Father, I am given to understand that in Greek compound nouns, when the second term is based on a verb root, the relationship between the two terms may be that of a verb to its direct object, or a verb to its indirect object, but not a relationship of possession. In the word "Theotokos" e.g., "tokos" means "bearer", "Theo" is the object of implied verb "to bear." This often leads to confusion in English, because "God-bearer" sounds clumsy, and therefore we say "bearer of God", and hence "Mother of God", using our possessive form. As Liddell points out, a "leitourgos" was one who performed a public service, i.e. one who did a work (>ergein) FOR the people (indirect object.)
There was a very good article written by Dr Carol Byrne here:
http://www.traditioninaction.org/HotTopics/f109_Dialogue_29.htm
and answering your specific question in the section subtitled
'Is liturgy the "Work of the People?"'
I am not a classicist but I do remember reading somewhere that the first recorded use of the word was in reference to the building and equipping of a warship for a Greek city (Athens I think). If the word subsequently kept its reference then it is a 'work FOR the people.'
FWIW, The Apology to the Augsburg Confession notes:
So the term leitourgia agrees well with the ministry. For it is an old word, ordinarily used in public civil administrations. To the Greeks it meant public burdens, such as tribute, the expense of equipping a fleet, or similar things. For Leptines, the oration of Demosthenes, speaks about such things, discussing at length public duties and exemptions: “He will say that some unworthy men, having found an exemption, have withdrawn from public burdens.” And so they spoke in the time of the Romans, as the reply of Pertinax, On the Law of Exemption, shows: “Even though the number of children does not liberate parents from all public burdens.” And the Commentary on Demosthenes states that leitourgia is a kind of tribute, the expense of the games, the expense of equipping vessels, of attending to the gymnasia and similar public offices.
I was always taught (as I'm sure you have taught countless others Father!) that the word referred in particular to the financing of the great festivals of ancient Athens where tragedy and comedy were performed. Each year it was the responsibility of a wealthy citizen to endow the festival with all the funds necessary (including the payment of priests to perform sacrifices). So the strict meaning of Leitourgia must be "work for the people". However, I don't think that necessarily means that the English word "Liturgy" must have such a narrow definition. The way we actually use the term (=? its meaning) is much broader and richer than simply (if at all) "the act of paying a priest (and musicians etc) to say Mass". It surely includes the work of the priest towards God, his work for the people, and the work of the people.
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